I am looking for a way to track memory allocations in a C++ program. I am not interested in memory leaks, which seem to be what most tools are trying to find, but r
The Visual Studio IDE has built-in heap profiling support (since 2015), which is probably the easiest to start with. It has graphical views of heap usage over time, and can track allocations by function/method.
The CRT also has debug and profile support, which is more detailed and more low-level. You could track the data and plot the results using some other tool:
In particular, look at _CrtMemCheckpoint
and related functions.
"A graphical representation of the heap over time" - close to what you are looking for is implemented in Intel(R) Single Event API, details can be found in this article (its rather big to put it here).
It shows you timeline of per-block-size allocations and allows to add additional mark up to your code to understand the whole picture better.