How to make an inline-block element fill the remainder of the line?

Question

Is such a thing possible using CSS and two inline-block (or whatever) DIV tags instead of using a table?

The table version is this (borders added so you can see it):

Answer 1

A modern solution using flexbox:

.container {
    display: flex;
}
.container > div {
    border: 1px solid black;
    height: 10px;
}

.left {
   width: 100px;
}

.right {
    width: 100%;
    background-color:#ffffd;
}

<div class="container">
  <div class="left"></div>
  <div class="right"></div>
</div>

http://jsfiddle.net/m5Xz2/100/