How does Google use HTML tags to enhance the search engine?

Question

I know that Google’s search algorithm is mainly based on pagerank. However, it also does analysis and uses the structure of the document H1, H2,

Answer 1

I think it's called "Semantic Markup"

[...] semantic markup is markup that is descriptive enough to allow us and the machines we program to recognize it and make decisions about it. In other words, markup means something when we can identify it and do useful things with it. In this way, semantic markup becomes more than merely descriptive. It becomes a brilliant mechanism that allows both humans and machines to “understand” the same information. http://www.digital-web.com/articles/writing_semantic_markup/

A more practical article here http://robertnyman.com/2007/10/29/explaining-semantic-mark-up/

Answer 2

New tag to use called CANONICAL can now also be used, from Google, click HERE