UPDATE: See my blog post on this topic about a year after this was written: http://blog.ringerc.id.au/2012/07/java-ee-7-needs-improvements-in-app.html
... for r
The problem with the preferences API was caused by the inclusion of jaxb and stax implementation jars on in the application's war, pulled in by jersey-json . With these excluded (as they're provided by the app server anyway) the preferences API resumed functioning correctly.
It looks like the prefs API with custom UI for setup appears to be the best way to go.
Though not the environment you spoke about: http://www.osgi.org/javadoc/r4v42/org/osgi/service/cm/ConfigurationAdmin.html