Use -D to send your parameters in. Like so:
./gradlew test -Dgrails.env=dev -D<yourVarName>=<yourValue>
See the gradle command line documentation of -D.
To access it in the tests, you need to propagate it in your build.gradle file.
test {
systemProperty "propertyName", "propertyValue"
}
You can also pass all System Properties like so:
test {
systemProperties(System.getProperties())
}