Java : Class inheriting self

Question

I know this is pointless: I just find it funny and I want to inquire more about the mechanics of what happens when you create a class that inherits itself, resulting in a stack

Answer 1

Try in an IDE like eclipse, it wont allow you to do so. ie gives an error like this.

Cycle detected: the type Test cannot extend/implement itself or one of its own member types

Answer 2

The java compiler is not going to enter into an infinite loop when trying to enter a cyclic inheritance chain. After all, every inheritance chain is a eventually finite graph (and, computationally speaking, with a very small number of nodes and edges.) More precisely, the inheritance graph from subclass A to (eventual) superclass Z must be a line (not the other way around, though), and the compiler can easily determine if it is a line or not.

It does not take much for a program to determine if such a small graph is cyclic or not, or if it is a line or not, which is what the compiler does. So the compiler does not go into an infinite loop, and the JVM never runs out of stack space since 1) neither the compiler runs on the JVM, nor 2) the JVM get to executes (since nothing gets to compile and the compiler never invokes under such conditions the JVM anyways.)

I'm not aware of any languages that permit such cyclic inheritance graphs (but I've been doing nothing but Java for 11 years, so my memory of anything other than Java is mushy.) I cannot see, furthermore, the use of such a construct (in modeling or real life). Might be theoretically interesting, though.

edit

Ok, I ran your code and indeed it causes an stack overflow. You were right. I'm gonna have to sit and really study this to understand why the compiler allows such a construct.

Nice find!!!!

Answer 3

Remember that, since Inside extends Outside, it has an implicit call to super() which is the constructor of Outside (which in turn calls the constructor of Inside) and so it goes around.

The code you posted is conceptually not different from the following program:

class A {
    B b = new B();
}

class B extends A {
}

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new A(); // Create an A...
                 //   ... which creates a B
                 //   ... which extends A thus implicitly creates an A
                 //   ... which creates a B
                 //   ...
    }
}

Answer 4

You can get the answer by:

Class.forName("MyClass");

This way it gets resolved but not instantiated. So you can chack if resolution itself causes the crash.

I guess it depends on the JVM you use.

Answer 5

When I try to compile :

class A extends A {
}

I get :

$ javac A.java
A.java:1: cyclic inheritance involving A
class A extends A {
^
1 error

So Java don't let you do this kind of thing. For information, java version "1.6.0_24"

Answer 6

The example you posted could get problematic if we change it a bit more:

public class Outside {

    public class Inside extends Outside {

            public Inside(int val) {
        }

    }

    private Inside i;

    public Outside() {
        i = new Inside();
    }
}

But this is not really related to the fact that Inside is an inner class of Outside, it could have happened with separate top-level-classes identically.