Drupal\'s core search module, only searches for keywords, e.g. \"sandwich\". Can I make it search with a substring e.g. \"sandw\" and return my sandwich-results?
Maybe t
Yes. Fuzzy Search (module) does it. https://drupal.org/project/fuzzysearch
The most direct module for it is probably Fuzzy Search. I have not tried it. If you have more advanced search needs on a small to medium sized site, Search Lucene API is a fine solution. For a larger site, or truly advanced needs, Solr is the premiere solution.
Drupal Finder does it somehow, namely: it has an autosuggest feature, so if You start typich sand
it should suggest You a node containing sandwich
.
Recently I made a patch for Drupal's core search module to provide it with partial search (aka n-gram searches) ability. This is tested against Drupal 6.15 & 6.16 releases. You might want to read about patching.
On the other hand you can make use of Apache Solr Search Integration, Search Lucene API modules or other 3rd-party search solutions which takes more time to implement.
PorterStemmer module has its own different story in which you might be interested, too.