Are there other common “c-like” or non “c-like” languages with non zero index array position? [closed]

Answer 1

FoxPro used arrays starting at index 1.

Answer 2

Nobody mentioned XPath.

Answer 3

Visual FoxPro, FoxPro and Clipper all use arrays where element 1 is the first element of an array... I assume that is what you mean by 1-indexed.

Answer 4

Fortran, Matlab, Pascal, Algol, Smalltalk, and many many others.

Answer 5

I see that the knowledge of fortran here is still on the '66 version.

Fortran has variable both the lower and the upper bounds of an array.

Meaning, if you declare an array like:

real, dimension (90) :: x

then 1 will be the lower bound (by default).

If you declare it like

real, dimension(0,89) :: x

then however, it will have a lower bound of 0.

If on the other hand you declare it like

real, allocatable :: x(:,:)

then you can allocate it to whatever you like. For example

allocate(x(0:np,0:np))

means the array will have the elements

x(0, 0), x(0, 1), x(0, 2 .... np)
x(1, 0), x(1, 1), ...
.
.
.
x(np, 0) ...

There are also some more interesting combinations possible:

real, dimension(:, :, 0:) :: d
real, dimension(9, 0:99, -99:99) :: iii

which are left as homework for the interested reader :)

These are just the ones I remembered off the top of my head. Since one of fortran's main strengths are array handling capabilities, it is clear that there are lot of other in&outs not mentioned here.

Answer 6

Basic - not just VB, but all the old 1980s era line numbered versions.

Richard