I am not sure what is the problem with Outlook 2013, but you can try to achieve same layout with div structure
HTML:
<div class="outer">
<div class="first">text in the table cell.<br>and another line of text.<br>and a third line.</div>
<div class="second">Hello. This is sample text. This is another sentence. Hello. This is sample text. This is another sentence. Hello. This is sample text. This is another sentence.</div>
</div>
CSS:
.outer {
width : 50%;
height : 50%;
background-color: green;
}
.first {
background-color: red;
float : left;
}
.second {
background-color: yellow;
}
Demo Link