Does the MOV x86 instruction implement a C++11 memory_order_release atomic store?

Question

According to this https://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~pes20/cpp/cpp0xmappings.html, a released store is implemented as MOV (into memory) on x86 (including x86-64).

Ac

Answer 1

There's memory reordering at run-time (done by CPU) and there's memory reordering at compile-time. Please read Jeff Preshing's article on compile-time reordering (and also great many other good ones on that blog) for further information.

memory_order_release prevents the compiler from reordering access to data, as well as emitting any necessary fencing or special instructions. In x86 asm, ordinary loads and stores already have acquire / release semantics, so blocking compile-time reordering is sufficient for acq_rel, but not seq_cst.

Answer 2

That does appear to be the mapping, at least in code compiled with the Intel compiler, where I see:

0000000000401100 <_Z5storeRSt6atomicIiE>:
  401100:       48 89 fa                mov    %rdi,%rdx
  401103:       b8 32 00 00 00          mov    $0x32,%eax
  401108:       89 02                   mov    %eax,(%rdx)
  40110a:       c3                      retq
  40110b:       0f 1f 44 00 00          nopl   0x0(%rax,%rax,1)

0000000000401110 <_Z4loadRSt6atomicIiE>:
  401110:       48 89 f8                mov    %rdi,%rax
  401113:       8b 00                   mov    (%rax),%eax
  401115:       c3                      retq
  401116:       0f 1f 00                nopl   (%rax)
  401119:       0f 1f 80 00 00 00 00    nopl   0x0(%rax)

for the code:

#include <atomic>
#include <stdio.h>

void store( std::atomic<int> & b ) ;

int load( std::atomic<int> & b ) ;

int main()
{
   std::atomic<int> b ;

   store( b ) ;

   printf("%d\n", load( b ) ) ;

   return 0 ;
}

void store( std::atomic<int> & b )
{
   b.store(50, std::memory_order_release ) ;
}

int load( std::atomic<int> & b )
{
   int v = b.load( std::memory_order_acquire ) ;

   return v ;
}

The current Intel architecture documents, Volume 3 (System Programming Guide), does a nice job explaining this. See:

8.2.2 Memory Ordering in P6 and More Recent Processor Families

• Reads are not reordered with other reads.
• Writes are not reordered with older reads.
• Writes to memory are not reordered with other writes, with the following exceptions: ...

The full memory model is explained there. I'd assume that Intel and the C++ standard folks have worked together in detail to nail down the best mapping for each of the memory order operations possible with that conforms to the memory model described in Volume 3, and plain stores and loads have been determined to be sufficient in those cases.

Note that just because no special instructions are required for this ordered store on x86-64, doesn't mean that will be universally true. For powerpc I'd expect to see something like a lwsync instruction along with the store, and on hpux (ia64) the compiler should be using a st4.rel instruction.