Python Pandas Drop Duplicates keep second to last

Question

What\'s the most efficient way to select the second to last of each duplicated set in a pandas dataframe?

For instance I basically want to do this operation:

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Answer 1

You could groupby/tail(2) to take the last 2 items, then groupby/head(1) to take the first item from the tail:

df.groupby(['A','B']).tail(2).groupby(['A','B']).head(1)

If there is only one item in the group, tail(2) returns just the one item.

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For example,

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd

df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randint(10, size=(10**2, 3)), columns=list('ABC'))
result = df.groupby(['A','B']).tail(2).groupby(['A','B']).head(1)

expected = (df.groupby(['A', 'B'], as_index=False).apply(lambda x: x if len(x)==1 else x.iloc[[-2]]).reset_index(level=0, drop=True))
assert expected.sort_index().equals(result)

The builtin groupby methods (such as tail and head) are often much faster than groupby/apply with custom Python functions. This is especially true if there are a lot of groups:

In [96]: %timeit df.groupby(['A','B']).tail(2).groupby(['A','B']).head(1)
1000 loops, best of 3: 1.7 ms per loop

In [97]: %timeit (df.groupby(['A', 'B'], as_index=False).apply(lambda x: x if len(x)==1 else x.iloc[[-2]]).reset_index(level=0, drop=True))
100 loops, best of 3: 17.9 ms per loop

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Alternatively, ayhan suggests a nice improvement:

alt = df.groupby(['A','B']).tail(2).drop_duplicates(['A','B'])
assert expected.sort_index().equals(alt)

In [99]: %timeit df.groupby(['A','B']).tail(2).drop_duplicates(['A','B'])
1000 loops, best of 3: 1.43 ms per loop

Answer 2

With groupby.apply:

df = pd.DataFrame({'A': [1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4], 
                   'B': np.arange(10), 'C': np.arange(10)})

df
Out: 
   A  B  C
0  1  0  0
1  1  1  1
2  1  2  2
3  1  3  3
4  2  4  4
5  2  5  5
6  2  6  6
7  3  7  7
8  3  8  8
9  4  9  9

(df.groupby('A', as_index=False).apply(lambda x: x if len(x)==1 else x.iloc[[-2]])
   .reset_index(level=0, drop=True))
Out: 
   A  B  C
2  1  2  2
5  2  5  5
7  3  7  7
9  4  9  9

With a different DataFrame, subset two columns:

df = pd.DataFrame({'A': [1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4], 
                   'B': [1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4], 'C': np.arange(10)})

df
Out: 
   A  B  C
0  1  1  0
1  1  1  1
2  1  2  2
3  1  1  3
4  2  2  4
5  2  2  5
6  2  2  6
7  3  3  7
8  3  3  8
9  4  4  9

(df.groupby(['A', 'B'], as_index=False).apply(lambda x: x if len(x)==1 else x.iloc[[-2]])
   .reset_index(level=0, drop=True))
Out: 
   A  B  C
1  1  1  1
2  1  2  2
5  2  2  5
7  3  3  7
9  4  4  9