This may sound like a stupid question but I\'m a beginner not just to PHP but to programming in general, so in that context:
What language are inbuilt PHP functions writ
PHP has been written in what I call the mother of languages ^C^
PHP was written in C. Any language above machine code for the specific processor architecture is written in a lower-level language. These abstractions into higher-level languages are an effort to make programming simpler and more productive.
PHP is in C, parts of it and some of is extension are written in C++.
You can see it's source code on GitHub - https://github.com/php/php-src