In plain CSS, the answer is no. You can't. Media queries should always be an outer shell, encasing the inside to be applied under that condition.
In SASS and LESS, however, it's fully valid. Any converter that supports nested curly brackets should be able to move the media query to the outside, therefore allowing CSS to work as said above. (You can check the output CSS after compiling sass/less file and see them do it.)
So, if you have something like this:
body {
background:green;
@media (min-width:1000px) {background:red;}
}
The screen will be green in CSS (because it ignores that weird @media thing inside body style definition block) and red in SASS/LESS (because it gets what you'd actually like to see).
To be exact, preprocessors will understand the snippet above as:
body {
background: green;
}
@media (min-width: 1000px) {
body {
background: red;
}
}