How to multiply a scalar throughout a specific column within a NumPy array?

Question

I need to do some analysis on a large dataset from a hydrolgeology field work. I am using NumPy. I want to know how I can:

1. multiply e.g. the 2nd column of my ar

Answer 1

To multiply a constant with a specific column or row:

import numpy as np;
X=np.ones(shape=(10,10),dtype=np.float64);
X;

### this is our default matrix
array([[1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1.],
   [1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1.],
   [1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1.],
   [1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1.],
   [1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1.],
   [1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1.],
   [1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1.],
   [1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1.],
   [1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1.],
   [1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1.]])



 ## now say we want to multiple it with 10

 X=X*10;

array([[10., 10., 10., 10., 10., 10., 10., 10., 10., 10.],
   [10., 10., 10., 10., 10., 10., 10., 10., 10., 10.],
   [10., 10., 10., 10., 10., 10., 10., 10., 10., 10.],
   [10., 10., 10., 10., 10., 10., 10., 10., 10., 10.],
   [10., 10., 10., 10., 10., 10., 10., 10., 10., 10.],
   [10., 10., 10., 10., 10., 10., 10., 10., 10., 10.],
   [10., 10., 10., 10., 10., 10., 10., 10., 10., 10.],
   [10., 10., 10., 10., 10., 10., 10., 10., 10., 10.],
   [10., 10., 10., 10., 10., 10., 10., 10., 10., 10.],
   [10., 10., 10., 10., 10., 10., 10., 10., 10., 10.]])

### Now if, we want to mulitply 3,5, 7 column with 5

X[:,[3,5,7]]=X[:,[3,5,7]]*5

 array([[10., 10., 10., 50., 10., 50., 10., 50., 10., 10.],
   [10., 10., 10., 50., 10., 50., 10., 50., 10., 10.],
   [10., 10., 10., 50., 10., 50., 10., 50., 10., 10.],
   [10., 10., 10., 50., 10., 50., 10., 50., 10., 10.],
   [10., 10., 10., 50., 10., 50., 10., 50., 10., 10.],
   [10., 10., 10., 50., 10., 50., 10., 50., 10., 10.],
   [10., 10., 10., 50., 10., 50., 10., 50., 10., 10.],
   [10., 10., 10., 50., 10., 50., 10., 50., 10., 10.],
   [10., 10., 10., 50., 10., 50., 10., 50., 10., 10.],
   [10., 10., 10., 50., 10., 50., 10., 50., 10., 10.]])

Similarly, we can do it for any columns. Hope it clarifies.

Answer 2

Sure:

import numpy as np
# Let a be some 2d array; here we just use dummy data 
# to illustrate the method
a = np.ones((10,5))
# Multiply just the 2nd column by 5.2 in-place
a[:,1] *= 5.2

# Now get the cumulative sum of just that column
csum = np.cumsum(a[:,1])

If you don't want to do this in-place you would need a slightly different strategy:

b = 5.2*a[:,1]
csum = np.cumsum(b)

Answer 3

 you can do this in two simple steps using NumPy:

>>> # multiply column 2 of the 2D array, A, by 5.2
>>> A[:,1] *= 5.2

>>> # assuming by 'cumulative sum' you meant the 'reduced' sum:
>>> A[:,1].sum()

>>> # if in fact you want the cumulative sum (ie, returns a new column)
>>> # then do this for the second step instead:
>>> NP.cumsum(A[:,1])

---

with some mocked data:

>>> A = NP.random.rand(8, 5)
>>> A
  array([[ 0.893,  0.824,  0.438,  0.284,  0.892],
         [ 0.534,  0.11 ,  0.409,  0.555,  0.96 ],
         [ 0.671,  0.817,  0.636,  0.522,  0.867],
         [ 0.752,  0.688,  0.142,  0.793,  0.716],
         [ 0.276,  0.818,  0.904,  0.767,  0.443],
         [ 0.57 ,  0.159,  0.144,  0.439,  0.747],
         [ 0.705,  0.793,  0.575,  0.507,  0.956],
         [ 0.322,  0.713,  0.963,  0.037,  0.509]])

>>> A[:,1] *= 5.2

>>> A
  array([[ 0.893,  4.287,  0.438,  0.284,  0.892],
         [ 0.534,  0.571,  0.409,  0.555,  0.96 ],
         [ 0.671,  4.25 ,  0.636,  0.522,  0.867],
         [ 0.752,  3.576,  0.142,  0.793,  0.716],
         [ 0.276,  4.255,  0.904,  0.767,  0.443],
         [ 0.57 ,  0.827,  0.144,  0.439,  0.747],
         [ 0.705,  4.122,  0.575,  0.507,  0.956],
         [ 0.322,  3.71 ,  0.963,  0.037,  0.509]])

>>> A[:,1].sum()
  25.596156138451427

---

just a few simple rules are required to grok element selection (indexing) in NumPy:

• NumPy, like Python, is 0-based, so eg, the "1" below refers to the second column

• commas separate the dimensions inside the brackets, so [rows, columns], eg, A[2,3] means the item ("cell") at row three, column four

• a colon means all of the elements along that dimension, eg, A[:,1] creates a view of A's column 2; A[3,:] refers to the fourth row