I have a machine with Windows 8 where I\'ve installed VS2013 without Help viewer, and a VirtualMachine with the same
I'm using VS2013, I solved this problem with this line saved as vshelp.bat file:
start "" "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Help Viewer\v2.1\HlpViewer.exe" /catalogName VisualStudio12 /locale en-us
I recently faced the same problem: I didn't want to install "Visual Studio 2015" just to be able to run the accompanying Help Viewer (v2.2) application.
It took a little bit of time, but in the end I managed to get it running by following these steps:
msiexec.exe /i help3_vs_net.msi VS_SETUP=1
msiexec.exe /i vs_minshellcore.msi MSIFASTINSTALL="7" VSEXTUI="1"
Regrettably, after that some files are still missing ... to keep things simple, I copied the rest of them from the (aforementioned) working installation:
Moreover, it's necessary to provide the application with a valid ContentStore path by importing the following .reg file:
Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Wow6432Node\Microsoft\Help\v2.2\Catalogs\VisualStudio14]
"LocationPath"="%ProgramData%\\Microsoft\\HelpLibrary2\\Catalogs\\VisualStudio14\\"
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Wow6432Node\Microsoft\Help\v2.2\Catalogs\VisualStudio14\en-US]
"SeedFilePath"="C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft Help Viewer\\v2.2\\CatalogInfo\\VS11_en-us.cab"
"catalogName"="Visual Studio Documentation"
Finally, I created a new Application Shortcut and changed its Target: to read as follows:
"C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Help Viewer\v2.2\HlpViewer.exe" /catalogName VisualStudio14 /launchingApp Microsoft,VisualStudio,14
Et voilà, with that HlpViewer.exe finally executes without any problems!
You ask multiple questions. I did not tried to reproduce so i can not answer your first question. But i can answer the title question:
Microsoft Help Viewer cannot be just downloaded. It is only shipped by Visual Studio and VS ISO Shell based products. So you cannot provide help content with Help Viewer for systems without Visual Studio... Kind of... useless :/
But on Windows 8 there is something similar so you can use some features of Help Viewer.
Source here.
Alternative Software: If you mean open the help files, I only know H3Viewer and some example projects where you can open files: Help Viewer 2 Examples.
If you mean "take other help formats": the good old HTML Help (chm), MS Help (h2x) and a simple Website are some formats you can use.