creating a new instance of a type in scala

Question

If I have a class C defined as

class C[A]

is there any way to create a new instance of A within C? Something like

Answer 1

You can demand an implicit parameter, like so:

class A[T](implicit newT : T) { 
  val t = newT 
} 

All you need then is to have an implicit factory of the desired type in scope when you instanciate A, e.g. the following works:

implicit def newSeq[T] = Seq[T]()                
val a = new A[Seq[String]]                            

As shown by:

scala> a.t
res22: Seq[String] = List()

Answer 2

You could use a type class to abstract instantiation:

trait Makeable[T] {
   def make: T
}

class C[T: Makeable] {
   def f(): T = implicitly[Makeable[T]].make
}

For example,

implicit object StringIsMakeable extends Makeable[String] {
   def make: String = "a string"
}

val c = new C[String]
c.f // == "a string"

When you instantiate C, you'll need to provide, explicitly or implicitly, a Makeable that will act as a factory of the appropriate type. That factory, of course, would be responsible for supplying any constructor arguments when it invokes the constructor.

Alternatively, you could use a Manifest, but be warned that this approach relies on reflection and is not type safe:

class C[T: Manifest] {
   def f(): T = manifest[T].erasure.newInstance.asInstanceOf[T]
}

For completeness, you can also easily extend this approach to pass some or all of the constructor parameters in to the make method:

trait Makeable[Args, T] { def make(a: Args): T }

class C[Args, T](implicit e: Makeable[Args, T]) {
   def f(a: Args): T = e.make(a)
}

// some examples
case class Person(firstName: String, lastName: String)

implicit val personFactory1 = new Makeable[(String, String), Person] {
   def make(a: (String, String)): Person = Person(a._1, a._2)
}
implicit val personFactory2 = new Makeable[String, Person] {
   def make(a: String): Person = Person(a, "Smith")
}

val c1 = new C[String, Person]
c1.f("Joe") // returns Person("Joe", "Smith")

val c2 = new C[(String, String), Person]
c2.f("John", "Smith") // returns Person("John", "Smith")

Answer 3

The same as @Raphael's answer with a case class's apply method:

class Container[A](contained: A)
case class Person(name: String)
case class PersonContainer(person: Person) extends Container[Person](person)
implicit def _ = PersonContainer.apply _

class Creator {
  def deserializeAndPackage[A, B <: Container[A]](data: Array[Byte])
                           (implicit containerCreator: (A => B)): B = {
    val p = /* deserialize data as type of A */
    containerCreator(p)
  }
}