Configuring Bison and Flex without global or static variable

Question

i am working in a small language/IDE. And I need to know how to configure flex and bison to work together but without using any global or static variable. I need to pass to biso

Answer 1

First, here's a C reentrant flex parser and pure bison example that parses a grammar that matches the following:

()
(())
(()())

()()(())()()

lexer.l

%option bison-bridge
%option bison-locations
%option ecs
%option nodefault
%option noyywrap
%option reentrant
%option stack
%option warn
%option yylineno

%{
  #include "parser.h"
%}

%%

"(" { return (LPAREN); }
")" { return (RPAREN); }

[ \f\r\t\v\n]+ /* eat whitespace */

%%

/* don't use lexer.l for code, organize it logically elsewhere */

parser.y

%define parse.error verbose
%define api.pure true
%locations
%token-table
%glr-parser
%lex-param {void *scanner}
%parse-param {void *scanner}

%{
/* your top code here */
%}

%union {
  int value; // or whatever else here
}

%token LPAREN
%token RPAREN

%%

document
    : exprs

exprs
    : %empty
    | expr exprs

expr
    : parens

parens
    : LPAREN exprs RPAREN


%%

int
yyerror(YYLTYPE *locp, char *msg) {
  if (locp) {
    fprintf(stderr, "parse error: %s (:%d.%d -> :%d.%d)\n",
                    msg,
                    locp->first_line, locp->first_column,
                    locp->last_line,  locp->last_column
    );
    /* todo: add some fancy ^^^^^ error handling here */
  } else {
    fprintf(stderr, "parse error: %s\n", msg);
  }
  return (0);
}

main.c

#include "parser.h"
#include "lexer.h"

int
main(int argc, char **argv) {
  int result;
  yyscan_t scanner;

  yylex_init(&scanner);
  result = (yyparse(scanner));
  yylex_destroy(scanner);
  return (result);
}

Building

flex --header-file=lexer.h --outfile=lexer.c lexer.l
bison --output-file=parser.c --defines=parser.h --warnings=all --feature=all parser.y
cc lexer.c parser.c main.c -o parser
./parser

Note: OSX's built-in bison is outdated, so install 3.x:

brew install bison

And then run it like /usr/local/opt/bison/bin/bison ....

Now, to migrate to C++

• copy .l to .lxx and .y to .yxx
• change names for output files to *.cxx and *.hxx respectively.

lexer.lxx

• add %option c++
• remove reentrant, bison-bridge and bison-locations
• change all tokens like the following: LPAREN to yy::parser::token::LPAREN

parser.yxx

• add %skeleton "lalr1.cc"
• remove api.pure
• remove yyerror

main.cxx

• rewrite it for C++

Hooking up the lexer and parser objects is an exercise for the reader.

See also: https://github.com/bingmann/flex-bison-cpp-example but beware it uses the old bison 2.x interfaces.

GNU Bison 3.x C++ Example docs