Guidance on using the WITH clause in SQL

Question

I understand how to use the WITH clause for recursive queries (!!), but I\'m having problems understanding its general use / power.

For example the followin

Answer 1

If there can be concurrent write access to involved tables, there are race conditions in the above following queries. Consider:

• Postgres UPDATE … LIMIT 1

---

Your example can use a CTE (common table expression), but it will give you nothing a subquery couldn't do:

WITH x AS (
   SELECT  psp_id
   FROM    global.prospect
   WHERE   status IN ('new', 'reset')
   ORDER   BY request_ts
   LIMIT   1
   )
UPDATE global.prospect psp
SET    status = status || '*'
FROM   x
WHERE  psp.psp_id = x.psp_id
RETURNING psp.*;

BTW, the returned row will be the updated version.

---

If you wanted to insert the returned row into another table, that's where a WITH clause becomes essential:

WITH x AS (
   SELECT  psp_id
   FROM    global.prospect
   WHERE   status IN ('new', 'reset')
   ORDER   BY request_ts
   LIMIT   1
   ), y AS (
   UPDATE global.prospect psp
   SET    status = status || '*'
   FROM   x
   WHERE  psp.psp_id = x.psp_id
   RETURNING psp.*
   )
INSERT INTO z
SELECT *
FROM   y

Data modifying queries using CTE are possible with PostgreSQL 9.1 or later.
Read more in the excellent manual.