Neither of Amazon S3's architecture nor its
implementation has yet been made public. As such,
it is not available for extension in order to develop
the capability of creating private clouds of any size.
There are a few papers on cloud storage architecture topics. You might find them useful.
Here is one: CACSS: Towards a Generic Cloud Storage Service
The method by which different
technologies can be combined to provide a single excellent performance, highly scalable and reliable cloud
storage system is also detailed. This research serves as a knowledge source for inexperienced cloud
providers, giving them the capability of swiftly setting up their own cloud storage services