I just wondered whether (with some serious paranoia and under certain circumstances) the use of the QuickSort algorithm can be seen as a security risk in an application
Yes, it is a security risk - DoS, to be specific - which is trivially mitigated by adding a check for recursion depth in your quicksort, and switching to something else instead if a certain depth is reached. If you switch to heapsort, then you'll get introsort, which is what many STL implementations actually use.
Alternatively, you just randomize the selection of pivot element.