I was applying a diff file of an opensource project on the top of my repository using git-am :
git am -3 < /Downloads/refactorWork.diff
but
I had a patch that looked perfectly fine, including a commit message, Author: header, etc.
I compared the output of git-format-patch, and noticed it used From: headers instead of Author: headers.
Sure enough, if you change Author: to From:, git-am applies the change cleanly.