I\'m making a simple program that takes text entered in a text box, and takes a password that\'s in another text box, then does some sort of simple encryption on it and saves it
What you really need is Symmetric cryptography, i.e., the algorithm uses same key to encrypt and decrypt the data. There are many algorithms available which support symmetric cryptography like DES, AES.
Have a look at this example: http://www.java2s.com/Code/Java/Security/EncryptionanddecryptionwithAESECBPKCS7Padding.htm
In the above example, replace
byte[] keyBytes = new byte[] { 0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x09,
0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f, 0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13, 0x14, 0x15, 0x16, 0x17 };
with
byte[] keyBytes = yourPassword.getBytes();
It uses the bouncycastle library, which is arguably the best cryptography libraries available.