I am trying to get a larger amount of data. Sample data is below
1850/01 -0.845 -0.922 -0.748 -1.038 -0.652 -1.379 -0.311 -1.053 -0.636 -1.41
You don't show what is your choice for the xAxis, but if massaging the data in the server side is not an option what I would suggest is:
This should avoid the freezing and give the visual indication that the data is being loaded.
Edit: Response to comment I don't think is any longer an issue loading the data but on how to display the data in a meaningful way. Even if it loads in 2 seconds the result would be thousands of lines overlapping and totally unreadable.
You should default few hand picked values (ex Current month and same month and 1, 5, 10 years ago) and then allow the user to change the selection select up to a reasonable number of years/month (ex Compare July for 1980, 2010 and 2017) then plot those values updating the chart with (chart.series[0].update(....). There were no columns in the dataset so I assumed it was a column per month but I see now that they seem to be one per row and 11 columns represent some other data.
I don't think for a polar chart doing averages or doing rollups of the data is the best way to go but allowing to compare specific years and month with the exact data, whatever those values are :)