This is a very hard to find word because in most cases they are not sensitive during a search. The best I could find outside of documentation is a test in IRB.
The BEGIN block is exactly what you may assume, and that is that the block given will run before the rest of the code in your program.
This being an example.
puts "Goodbye cruel world!"
BEGIN {
puts "Hello World!"
}
I hope that helps.
There is a working example of this in a minitest where a collection of values is put out of the way at the end of the file, but evaluated first.