JVM heap replication between two machines

Question

What are the basic principles of how two separable computers connected within the same network running the same Java application maintain the same state by syncing their heap be

Answer 1

One emerging technology that somehow tackles this problem is Distributed Software Transactional Memory. You get strong data consistency guarantees (i.e. 1-copy serializability) and a powerful concurrency control mechanism: transactions.

AFAIK, there is no mature solution out there, but it is promising.