Is there a tool that works with SQL Server to generate tree-like diagrams from a hierachical data model?
I am working with a large geographical hierarchy, and would like
Export and run it through GraphViz - you don't even have to generate the hierarchy (just export nodes and edges) - just assign node names which are unique based on your NodeID column and use those same node names in the edges.
If you want something interactive, Microsoft has a Automatic Graph Layout library which can be used from .NET.
Here's an introduction to GraphViz.
What you are going to do is output a DOT file by exporting your SQL using a script like this: https://data.stackexchange.com/stackoverflow/q/109885/ which will run through GraphViz and generate your picture.
The DOT syntax is relatively simple - you can write it by hand first and then generate that from SQL and simply paste it in a file or something else (like .NET or PowerShell) which reads the SQL sets and generates the file.
You can automate that with SSIS. I made a package which wrote out the DOT file and ran graphviz on it and saved a graphiacl snapshot of our system on a daily basis.