How to group wikipedia categories in python?

Question

For each concept of my dataset I have stored the corresponding wikipedia categories. For example, consider the following 5 concepts and their corresponding wikipedia categories.

Answer 1

"Therefore, I would like to know if there is a way to obtain the parent category of the categories (for example, the categories of enzyme inhibitor and bypass surgery belong to medical parent category)"

MediaWiki categories are themselves wiki pages. A "parent category" is just a category which the "child" category page belongs to. So you can get the parent categories of a category in exactly the same way as you'd obtain the categories of any other wiki page.

For example, using pymediawiki:

p = wikipedia.page('Category:Enzyme inhibitors')
parents = p.categories