What is the meaning of “exclusive” and “inclusive” when describing number ranges?

Question

Simple question but, I see exclusive and inclusive when referring to number ranges.

For example, this is a line from an algorithms book:

The follo

Answer 1

In simple terms, inclusive means within and the number n, while exclusive means within and without the number n.

Note: that each argument should be marked its "clusivity"/ "participation"

# 1 (inclusive) through 5 (inclusive)
1 <= x <= 5 == [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

# 1 (inclusive) through 5 (exclusive)
1 <= x < 5 == [1, 2, 3, 4]

# 1 (exclusive) through 5 (inclusive)
1 < x <= 5 == [2, 3, 4, 5]

# 1 (exclusive) through 5 (exclusive)
1 < x < 5 == [2, 3, 4]