How to convert a binary tree to binary search tree in-place, i.e., we cannot use any extra space

Question

How to convert a binary tree to binary search tree in-place, i.e., we cannot use any extra space.

Answer 1

struct Node
{
    int value;
    Node* left;
    Node* right;
};

void swap(int& l, int& r)
{
    int t = l;
    l = r;
    r = t;
}

void ConvertToBST(Node* n, Node** max)
{
    if (!n) return;

    // leaf node
    if (!n->left && !n->right)
    {
        *max = n;
        return;
    }

    Node *lmax = NULL, *rmax = NULL;
    ConvertToBST(n->left, &lmax);
    ConvertToBST(n->right, &rmax);

    bool swapped = false;
    if (lmax && n->value < lmax->value)
    {
        swap(n->value, lmax->value);
        swapped = true;
    }

    if (rmax && n->value > rmax->value)
    {
        swap(n->value, n->right->value);
        swapped = true;
    }

    *max = n;
    if (rmax && rmax->value > n->value) *max = rmax;

    // If either the left subtree or the right subtree has changed, convert the tree to BST again
    if (swapped) ConvertToBST(n, max);
}