I would say this is not possible. Responses to this question keep referring to changes to the language or using the language to generated low level (kernel) code. This is just using one language to write another language. While I agree that both of these would allow you to then write an operating system, I would then argue that it is now not the same language. So, an operating system could be written in many different languages but not every language (without change or language by pass) can be used to write an operating system.
The finial answer to the original question is almost all, but not all. The only acceptation are languages which can access CPU level instructions.
