I have controller that takes post parameters from HTML form, it will then send them to model that will insert the array into Cassandra database.
It is SQLInjection proof
You are looking for array_intersect:
$good = ['parent_id', 'type', 'title', 'body', 'tags'];
$post = ['parent_id', 'type', 'title', 'body', 'tags', 'one', 'two', 'three'];
print_r(array_intersect($good, $post));
See it in action.
Of course this specific example does not make much sense because it works on array values, but there is also array_intersect_key that does the same based on keys.