I am wondering if I can define an alternative font for the whole graph.
... digraph script_concept { graph [layout=\"dot\",fontname=\"helvetica\"]; ... <
... digraph script_concept { graph [layout=\"dot\",fontname=\"helvetica\"]; ...
No, there is no other way.
As in the forum post you linked, you have to define the default values separately (like the other attributes) at the beginning of your graphviz file:
digraph g { graph [fontname = "helvetica"]; node [fontname = "helvetica"]; edge [fontname = "helvetica"]; ... }