How could I measure the time taken to load a page (with various different PHP statements)?
Somewhat like the stats available here - http://talks.php.net/show/drupal08/24
You can use microtime() at the start of processing and at end of output, then calculate the difference and convert it to seconds if wanted.
This will only measure the execution time for PHP side, not the whole page load time at it seems to be in your link, but it will able you to compare various methods performance, for instance.