I already asked this question at apple.stackexchange.com, but I was told it was the wrong place for this question - so I will ask it here, as I was suggested to do.
At m
I finally solved the Problem. tojanfoe suggested in a comment the link http://www.hardcoded.net/devlogs/20120426 which turned out to not be helpful.
This is how i solved it:
1.a) Installation of GTK+ 2.x:
brew install gtk+
1.b) Installation of GTK+ 3.x:
You can install gtk+ 3.x via home brew too if you need that, but the 2.x version is enough for my purposes. The command would be:
brew install gtk+3
2.) But after the installation I had the problem, that cairo could not be found. So i solved it this way:
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/local/Cellar/cairo/1.12.16/lib/pkgconfig/
3.) Then the compiler said it could not find the package 'xcb-shm', required by 'cairo'. This can be solved this way:
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/X11/lib/pkgconfig
After this command the compiler worked as expected.