Why does “hg status” show changed files when “hg diff -g” doesn't? (One parent)

Question

I have a repository where:

> hg st

shows that my working directory has some uncommitted changes, while

> hg diff


> h         


        

Answer 1

Some excerpts from Mercurial in daily use (Mercurial: the definitive guide) (copying here because there seems to be no way to give a convinient link to the end of the page):

The default output of the hg diff command is backwards compatible with the regular diff command, but this has some drawbacks.

The output of hg diff above obscures the fact that we simply renamed a file. The hg diff command accepts an option, --git or -g, to use a newer diff format that displays such information in a more readable form.

This option also helps with a case that can otherwise be confusing: a file that appears to be modified according to hg status, but for which hg diff prints nothing. This situation can arise if we change the file's execute permissions.

The normal diff command pays no attention to file permissions, which is why hg diff prints nothing by default. If we supply it with the -g option, it tells us what really happened.

To summarize, hg diff command misses several kinds of information on changes: attributes, permissions, file names, etc. These changes may exist even if you have a single parent. And hg status correctly takes into account all changes. To see what has happened, use hg diff -g. It's the answer to the question 'what happens'.

Seems like backwards compatibility is the 'why'. I'm not sure, but I suppose that the 'normal diff' is some widespread or built-in Unix/Linux tool (judging from the fact that both hg and git come from that world).