There is a page (game), which communicate via WebSocket to the server. I can see the data (frames) in the Chrome Developer Tool. Is it possible to access / modify this communica
Judging from discussion on this bug, there is currently no API to intercept WebSocket traffic, unlike normal requests with chrome.webRequest. It's assigned but not completed yet.
Edit: recent (as of Nov 2016) activity on the bug suggests a patch in the works.