I think this is the behavior you are looking for. This will automatically initialize any new keys in the Hash to an array:
irb(main):001:0> h = Hash.new{|h, k| h[k] = []}
=> {}
irb(main):002:0> h[1] << "ABC"
=> ["ABC"]
irb(main):003:0> h[3]
=> []
irb(main):004:0> h
=> {1=>["ABC"], 3=>[]}