Are Entity Relationship Diagrams(ERD\'s) considered a type of UML diagram or are they a separate thing?
UML, as an object oriented notation, have nothing to data modeling. Lots times I read about attributes as data columns. It is not true. We can put to an attribute simple data or any complicated other object.
For data modeling (database, relational database) we use ERD diagram, for storing data in object systems we can use ORM (object relational model), it is mixed UML/Data model, if we use pattern like a active table or active record.