I cloned a git repo and then started playing around in its master branch. After a while, I want to ignore the changes I just made (without committing them), and switch to a diff
Just for the sake of completeness, and for those who landed here by searching: Although the OP asks specifically for a solution without stashing, it is worth mentioning that stash is indeed a very nice option:
The command saves your local modifications away and reverts the working directory to match the HEAD commit.
So you can simply
git stash
This is like resetting to HEAD. When being absolutely positively certain that indeed those uncommitted changes are worthless, simply
git stash drop
You can even have multiple stashes etc. as mentioned in the documentation link above.
I would recommend this practice since it puts one in the habit to double-think before resetting without a significant cost.