I have a problem where an application (written in Delphi) is behaving properly at default 96 DPI settings on all systems, but is behaving inconsistently at the \"150% text size\
You need to manifest that your app is DPI aware with a section like this:
true
If you do this then you won't get DPI virtualization.
You aren't meant to use DPI virtualization so I think there's little point trying to work out how it works. It could easily be dependent on graphics card drivers. It's almost impossible for us to explain why virtualization is behaving this way: you haven't even given any screenshots, hardware details etc. However, you simply shouldn't bother trying to diagnose this. Manifest as dpiaware and it's a non-problem.
For reference I offer you: