What is the algorithm to create colors for a heatmap?

Question

Assuming values are normalized from 0 to 1, what is the algoritm to get a color to create a heatmap like this?

1 is red, .5 is green, 0 is dark blue.

Working in

Answer 1

I found this surprisingly easy to do with HSL.

In Ruby:

def heatmap_color_for value # [0,1]
  h = (1 - value) * 100
  s = 100
  l = value * 50
  "hsl(#{h.round(2)}%,#{s.round(2)}%,#{l.round(2)}%)"
end

This method returns HSL values as a string between 0% and 100%. It can be used with RMagick or ImageMagick.

Reference: ImageMagick HSL documentation.

In Java, for CSS, tested:

private String getHeatmapColorForCSS(double normalizedValue0to1) {
    double h = (1 - normalizedValue0to1) * 360;
    double s = 100;
    double l = 50;
    return String.format("hsl(%.2f, %.2f%%, %.2f%%)", h, s, l);
}

Note the key difference between CSS and ImageMagick: the first value is 0-360 and without a percent sign.