Simple SSO - using custom authentication - CAS or some Oauth or openid server?

Question

I\'d like to know more about the different ways of solving Single Sign-On and their pros and cons. Have you worked with one particular solution, tell me what\

Answer 1

Oauth is designed to authenticate application to let them act in the name of a user. For example a twitter client may post tweets with the account of a user. It can be used for single sign on as Facebook shows, but this requires a bit of additional work.

Comparing CAS and OpenID

CAS is a centralized system with one account authority. OpenID is a distributed system where basically anyone can setup an identity provider. Of course you can limit your consumer to only accept your own identity provider.

OpenID has two (incompatible) standards to provide additional attributes about the account, which are supported more or less by the common libraries. In the standard setup CAS only provides the username. While CAS does support attribute exchange in theory, at the moment only the PHP client supports it.

Both OpenID and CAS can do automatic login. If the user is already logged in, the browser will be redirected back to your application immediately. In a simple setup the identity provider, however, will display a login page, if the user is not logged in. So if you want to allow anonymous access to your side, this will require people to click a dedicated login link.

Luckily both OpenID and CAS allow a transparent login attempt. In this mode, the login form is not shown. The browser is redirected back immediately with or without authentication information. In other words: You can redirect all new users (without a session) to the identity provider as soon as they visit your site. There is a nice diagram explaining this in detail. CAS calls it "gateway mode" and it is achieved by appending gateway=true to the login URL. In OpenID it is called "immediate mode" and the URL parameter is openid.mode=checkid_immediate

CAS supports single sign out. OpenID does not.

My personal experience is that CAS is very easy to set up and very reliable with high quality libraries for all common programming languages. OpenID has many tiny incompatibilities as it is a much more complex system. OpenID, however, allows the usage of Google accounts.

Answers

First of all, I don't understand the need for token verifications of CAS, what is it good for?

Both OpenID and CAS require you to let the identify provider verify the provided token. Otherwise an attacker may be able to create his own token or use a token that was created by a user before he logged out.

Should clients also use ssl?

Yes.

On the client side, would you use an iframe, like lightbox, to show the redirected page? Why/Why not?

A full screen redirect is the most simple thing to do. I would start with that to get it working. Many application require a reload of the current page after login anyway in order to show parts that are only visible to logged in users.

An Iframe has the issue that you need to get rid of it once the login was completed. For CAS there is a tutorial on how to directly embed the CAS login form into the HTML code of the application. Another alternative is to show a pop up window like Facebook Connect does.