I have followed the instruction in https://registry.hub.docker.com/_/mysql/ to pull an image and running a container in which it runs a MySQL server.
The container is run
You can connect to your mysql container and run your commands using:
docker exec -it mysql bash -l
(Where mysql is the name you gave the container)
mysql
Keep in mind that anything you do will not persist to the next time your run a container from the same image.