What do spaCy's part-of-speech and dependency tags mean?

Question

spaCy tags up each of the Tokens in a Document with a part of speech (in two different formats, one stored in the pos and pos_

Answer 1

The official documentation now provides much more details for all those annotations at https://spacy.io/api/annotation (and the list of other attributes for tokens can be found at https://spacy.io/api/token).

As the documentation shows, their parts-of-speech (POS) and dependency tags have both Universal and specific variations for different languages and the explain() function is a very useful shortcut to get a better description of a tag's meaning without the documentation, e.g.

spacy.explain("VBD")

which gives "verb, past tense".