Why is it impossible to build a compiler that can determine if a C++ function will change the value of a particular variable?

Question

I read this line in a book:

It is provably impossible to build a compiler that can actually determine whether or not a C++ function will change the val

Answer 1

Even if a variable is declared const, doesn't mean some badly written code can overwrite it.

//   g++ -o foo foo.cc

#include 
void const_func(const int&a, int* b)
{
   b[0] = 2;
   b[1] = 2;
}

int main() {
   int a = 1;
   int b = 3;

   std::cout << a << std::endl;
   const_func(a,&b);
   std::cout << a << std::endl;
}

output:

1
2