Say your .ssh directory contains 30 keys (15 private and 15 public).
.ssh
Where in Git can one check which one is used to connect to a given remote repository?>
Unless it is specified on the .ssh/config it will use the default private key file.
.ssh/config
The default file is ~/.ssh/id_rsa or ~/.ssh/id_dsa or ~/.ssh/identity depending on the protocol version.
~/.ssh/id_rsa
~/.ssh/id_dsa
~/.ssh/identity