In Eclipse, I can type Ctrl+M or click the maximize icon in the editor pane to make the editor pane take up the entire Eclipse window, and then again to re
The closest thing would be to hide all tool windows by invoking the Hide All Tool Windows action. The shortcut for that is Ctrl + Shift + F12 (Default keymap).
This will hide all tool windows, effectively maximizing the editor window (though not full screen). The IntelliJ menu bar, toolbar, breadcrumb and tab bar will still be visible.
I'm using IntelliJ 11.1.2 on Kubuntu 12.04 LTS with the Default keymap.
It's Cmd + Shift + F12 in IntelliJ IDEA 14.0.3 on MacOS X.
UPDATE on 2015-03-24: IntelliJ IDEA 14.1 now has support for Distraction Free Mode. You can invoke it by clicking View > Enter Distraction Free Mode. In this mode, IntelliJ hides everything but the menu. For more details, follow their video detailing the new feature: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uVwE8MFgYig.