How do system calls work?

Question

I understand that a user can own a process and each process has an address space (which contains valid memory locations, this process can reference). I know that a process can c

Answer 1

Yes, you've got it pretty much right. One detail though, when the compiler compiles a system call, it will use the number of the system call rather than the name. For example, here is a list of Linux syscalls (for an old version, but the concept is still the same).