Theory on error handling?

Question

Most advice concerning error handling boils down to a handful of tips and tricks (see this post for example). These hints are helpful but I think they don\'t answer all question

Answer 1

The first question is probably what can you do about the error?

Can you fix it (in which case do you need to tell the user) or can the user fix it?

If nobody can fix it and you are going to exit, is there any value in having this reported back to you (through a crash dump or error code)?