I installed Docker-Toolbox just now while following their webpage
I started with Docker QuickStart Terminal
and see following
Restarting Docker or recreating the image did not help. I rebooted Windows to no avail.
Astoundingly, when I ssh'ed into the running container and did curl https://index.docker.io/v1/repositories/library/hello-world/images
I got a perfectly valid response.
I used the Docker Toolbox with VirtualBox on 64bit Windows 10 Pro.
The solution in my case was to uninstall the old Docker version and install the new one that uses Hyper-V instead of VirtualBox.
Now Docker works again.